Original plans included a public museum and a new base for the Royal Electrical and Mechanical Engineers.
A £121m Defence College of Technical Training on the former RAF Lyneham site intended to be used by all three services will only be used by the army.
It was built as part of government's defence training review to make the process more cost-effective.
But following a rethink, external, training for the navy and RAF will remain at their current bases at HMS Sultan, Hampshire, and RAF Cosford in Shropshire.
The government said it accepted the plan was no longer "the best solution".
Staff and students from the Royal Electrical and Mechanical Engineers are due to arrive at the college within the next few months
They are moving from Bordon in Hampshire and Aborfield in Berkshire.
The work had been the first stage of a £230m transformation of the airbase due to be completed by the autumn.
In the written statement, Michael Fallon, Secretary of State for Defence, said: "The original intent was to consolidate additional elements of the DCTT at MoD Lyneham.
"However, a recently completed re-evaluation of the programme has determined that the consolidation onto a single site at MOD Lyneham is not the best solution."
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