Ɗarikar Ƙadiriyya: Asalinta da tasirinta na sama da shekara 900 a duniya

A tsawon kusan shekaru 960, Ɗarikar Ƙadiriyya ta kasance ɗaya daga cikin manyan ɗariku a ƙasashen, wadda mabiyanta suka ce suna amfani da ita wajen gyaran zuciya da tarbiyya a duniyar Musulunci.

Daga asalin ta a Bagadaza zuwa yaɗa ta a Arewacin Afirka da Afirka ta Yamma, ɗarikar ta taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen koyar da ilimin addini, tarbiyyar al'umma da kuma ƙarfafa dangantakar mutane da Allah.

Kusan ƙarni goma bayan rayuwar Sheikh Abdulƙadir Jilani, Ɗarikar Ƙadiriyya na ci gaba da kasancewa ɗaya daga cikin manyan makarantu na tarbiyyar a duniyar Musulunci

Shugaban Ɗarikar Ƙadiriyya na Afirka ta Yamma, Sheikh Qaribullah Nasiru Kabara, ya bayyana cewa tarihin ɗarikar ya samo asali ne daga rayuwar Sheikh Abdulƙadir Jilani, wanda ake kallonsa a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin manyan malamai masu tasiri a tarihin Musulunci.

Asalin Ƙadiriyya da ginshiƙanta

A cewar Sheikh Qaribullah, an haifi Sheikh Abdulƙadir Jilani ne a shekara ta 470 bayan Hijira a wani yanki da ake kira Jilan, wanda yake cikin ƙasar Iran ta yau.

"An haifi Sheikh Abdulƙadir Jilani a Jilan. Yana da kimanin shekara bakwai zuwa takwas ne mahaifiyarsa ta tura shi Bagadaza domin neman ilimi. A can ya yi karatun larabci da ilimin addini da tasawwufi har Allah Ya ɗaukaka matsayinsa," in ji Sheikh Qaribullah.

Ya ce idan aka ƙiyasta daga lokacin haihuwar Sheikh Abdulƙadir Jilani zuwa rayuwarsa da rasuwarsa ana magana ne kan kusan shekara 960 da wani abu da wannan tafarki ke wanzuwa.

Kodayake Sheikh Abdulƙadir ya yi fice a matsayin malami da mai wa'azi a lokacin girma, tarihin rayuwarsa ya nuna cewa tun yana ƙarami yake nuna alamun shugabanci da tarbiyya.

Ɗaya daga cikin labaran da suka fi shahara game da shi shi ne lokacin da wasu ƴan fashi suka tare shi a hanya domin su ƙwace masa dukiya. Sai dai bayan da suka ga yadda yake faɗin gaskiya da halaye na ƙwara, sai zuciyarsu ta yi sanyi suka tuba daga aikata laifi.

Sheikh Qaribullah ya ce: "Malamai suna ganin wannan yana daga cikin farkon lokutan da Sheikh Abdulƙadir ya fara kira zuwa ga Allah," in ji shi, inda ya nuna cewa ba da wa'azi kaɗai ba ne, halayensa ma sun taimaka.

A cewarsa, wannan ya nuna cewa gyaran al'umma ba ya farawa da magana kawai, yana farawa ne da kyawawan ɗabi'u.

Asalin manufar Ƙadiriyya

Sheikh Qaribullah ya ce tushen Ƙadiriyya ya fi karkata ga abin da Alƙur'ani da Sunnah suka koyar.

A cewarsa, "Babban aikin Ƙadiriyya shi ne gyaran zuciya. Sheikh Abdulƙadir ya assasa ta ne a kan salati ga Annabi (SAW), istigfari, ambaton Allah da kuma kwaikwayon halayen Manzon Allah."

A cewarsa, manufar ɗarikar ita ce taimaka wa Musulmi ya gyara alaƙarsa da Ubangijinsa da kuma hulɗarsa da mutane.

Sheikh Qaribullah ya bayyana cewa akwai wasu manyan ƙa'idoji da suke jagorantar mabiyan ɗarikar.

Shin Ƙadiriyya ce uwar Ɗariku?

Masana na tarihi da dama suna kallon Ƙadiriyya a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin tsofaffin ɗarikun da suka yi tasiri a duniya.

Sai dai Sheikh Qaribullah ya yi bayanin cewa duk da cewa masana suna ganin ita ce mafi dadewa da tsarin ta ya yi tasiri sosai, manufofin yawancin ɗarikun sufaye duk iri ɗaya ne.

Ya ce: "A ma'anar ɗarikar Ƙadiriyya da sharuddanta, babu wani babban bambanci tsakanin Ƙadiriyya da sauran ɗariku. Dukkaninsu suna magana ne a kan gyaran zuciya da kusantar Allah."

Shigarta Afirka

Batun yadda ɗarikar ta isa Afirka ta Yamma na ɗaya daga cikin abubuwan da masana tarihi suka dade suna tattaunawa a kai.

Sheikh Qaribullah ya ce akwai manyan ruwayoyi guda biyu. A ruwaya ta farko, ya ce wasu manyan malamai irin su Imam Abu Ya'aza Al-Maghribi daga ƙasar Morocco da Sheikh Shuaib Abu Madyan na Aljeriya sun haɗu da Sheikh Abdulƙadir Jilani kai tsaye kuma suka karɓi tarbiyya daga gare shi.

Ya ce: "Waɗannan malamai sun haɗu da shi Shehu Abduƙadir Jila suka karɓa ɗarikar hannu da hannu. Daga nan suka yaɗa koyarwar zuwa Arewacin Afirka, sannan almajiransu suka ba-zata zuwa Mali da Nijar da sauran ƙasashen Afirka ta Yamma," in ji shi.

A cewarsa, wannan yana nuna cewa koyarwar Ƙadiriyya ta fara shiga yankin tun lokacin da Sheikh Abdulƙadir Jilani yake raye.

Sai dai akwai wata ruwayar tarihi da ke cewa Sheikh Abdulƙadir Jilani ya kai ziyara zuwa wasu sassan duniya ciki har da Afirka ta Yamma.

Sheikh Qaribullah ya danganta wannan bayani ga rubuce-rubucen wasu malamai na zamanin Shehu Usmanu Ɗanfodiyo.

Ya ce: "A cikin maganganun Shehu Gidado Waziri ɗan Lema akwai bayanin wasu ziyarce-ziyarce da aka ce Sheikh Abdulƙadir ya yi a ƙasashe daban-daban, har da yankin Afirka ta Yamma. A irin wannan ziyarar ce ya isa Najeriya."

Duk da cewa masana tarihi suna da ra'ayoyi mabambanta kan wannan batu, ruwayar tana daga cikin bayanan da ake samu a wasu tsoffin rubuce-rubuce.

Shigowarta Najeriya

Game da Najeriya kuwa, Sheikh Qaribullah ya ce yada Ƙadiriyya ya samu ƙarfi ne ta hannun manyan malamai da suka zo daga Arewacin Afirka.

Ya ambaci Sheikh Muhammadu Abdulkarim Al-Maghili, wanda ya zo daga Aljeriya ya zauna a Katsina kafin daga bisani ya koma Kano.

"Sheikh Maghili ya taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen yada ilimi da kuma ƙarfafa koyarwar Musulunci a ƙasar Hausa. Bayan haka wasu malamai suka ci gaba da wannan aiki," in ji shi.

Daga baya kuma Shehu Usmanu Ɗanfodiyo da mabiyansa suka ƙara bunƙasa ɗarikar a faɗin Arewacin Najeriya.

"Shehu Ɗanfodiyo shi ma ɗan Ƙadiriyya ne. Wannan ya taimaka sosai wajen yaɗuwar ɗarikar a yankinmu," in ji Sheikh Qaribullah.

Gidan Kabara da tasirin ɗarikar

Ɗarikar ta sake samun ƙarfi a Najeriya ta hanyar reshen Kuntiyya wanda ya fito daga yankin Timbuktu na ƙasar Mali.

Sheikh Qaribullah ya ce: "Babban kakanmu Sheikh Umaru Malam Kabara ya zo daga Timbuktu tare da Kadiriyya Kuntiyya. Daga lokacin ne wannan gida ya ci gaba da taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen hidima ga ɗarikar."

Daga baya ne aka samu fitattun malamai irin su Sheikh Nasiru Kabara, waɗanda suka ci gaba da bunƙasa koyarwa da tarbiyyar mabiyan ɗarikar.

A cewar shugaban Ƙadiriyyar na Afirka ta Yamma, ɗaya daga cikin manyan sirrin nasarar ɗarikar shi ne mayar da hankali kan ilimi, hikima da kyawawan halaye maimakon rikici.

Ya ce: "Hanyar koyarwar Ƙadiriyya hanya ce ta ilimi da wa'azi da hikima da magana mai laushi. Da wannan hanya aka yada ta."

Ya ƙara da cewa: "Abin da ya fi fitowa fili a tarihin Kadirawa shi ne makarantu, wa'azi, ilimi da tarbiyya. Wannan shi ne ya sa ta samu karɓuwa a wurare da dama."

Sheikh Qaribullah Sheikh Nasir Kabara:

An haifi Sheikh Qaribullah Nasir Kabara a jihar kano da ke arewacin Najeriya a ranar 17/02/1959.

Ya zama shugaban ɗarikar Qadiriyya a shekarar 1996 bayan rasuwar mahaifinsa Sheikh Nasiru Kabara.

Ya fara karatu a wajen mahaifinsa sannan ya shiga neman ilimi a makarantun daban-daban.

Ya rabuta litattafai na addinin musulunci da yawa, daga ciki akwai: